新时代中国农业科技创新发展成就斐然
Remarkable Achievements in Agricultural S&T Innovation in the New Era
秋平
Qiu Ping
中共十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的中共中央坚强领导下，中国农业科技创新事业加速推进，取得历史性成就。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core, China has ramped up the pace of agricultural S&T innovation and registered historic accomplishments.
在种子、耕地、农机装备、生物安全、绿色低碳等关键领域，农业科技创新实现大突破大跨越，农业科技进步贡献率从2012年的54.5%增至2023年的63.2%，人均粮食占有量从2012年的450公斤增加到2023年的493公斤，为保障国家粮食安全、促进农民增收、维护社会稳定、推动社会发展发挥了重要作用。
Major breakthroughs and leaps forward have been made in key sectors such as seeds, farmland, agricultural machinery and equipment, biosafety and biosecurity, and green and low-carbon development. The contribution of technological progress to agricultural output increased from 54.5% in 2012 to 63.2% in 2023, while the per capita share of grain grew from 450 kilograms in 2012 to 493 kilograms in 2023.
These achievements have played a vital role in ensuring national food security, increasing farmers' income, maintaining social stability, and promoting social development.
育种技术迎头赶上，并在一些领域保持领先。
China has managed to catch up in breeding technologies and has moved into the lead in some respects
一粒种子就是一个集增产、抗虫、抗病、农机、农艺等功能于一身的农业“芯片”。
A single seed is like an agricultural "chip" that integrates multiple functions—increased yields, resistance to insects and disease, mechanical compatibility, and agronomic traits.
作为生物遗传信息载体的种质资源是育种创新的基础，成为各国竞相储备的战略性资源。
As carriers of genetic information, germplasm resources are the cornerstone of innovations in breeding and strategic resources that all countries compete to collect and preserve.
截至2023年底，中国收集保存农作物种质资源总量近56万份，位居世界第二。
China holds the second-largest collection of crop germplasm in the world, having collected and preserved nearly 560,000 resources by the end of 2023.
在海南三亚建成了全球最大的野生稻种质资源圃，为中国水稻育种在理论和实践方面保持领先优势打下了资源基础。
It has also established the world's largest wild rice germplasm nursery in Sanya, Hainan, laying the foundation for maintaining its leading edge in both theoretical research and practical rice breeding.
在袁隆平院士带领和科研大协作的基础上，中国科学家创新性地实现了水稻育种“三系法”和“两系法”突破，三系杂交稻和两系杂交稻单产比常规稻分别提升20%和29%。
Led by Academician Yuan Longping and through collaborative research, Chinese scientists developed "three-line" and "two-line" hybrid rice systems, which increased yields by 20% and 29%, respectively, over conventional rice.
2019年，中国科学家团队首次在杂交水稻中创建了无融合生殖体系，为大规模实现远缘杂种优势利用（“一系法”）、低成本杂交作物留种带来曙光。
In 2019, a team of Chinese scientists successfully developed the first apomixis system for hybrid rice, paving the way for large-scale utilization of distant heterosis (a “one-line” hybrid system) and low-cost hybrid seed preservation.
2023年，中国育成亩产超1200公斤的超级稻，再次刷新了杂交水稻单季亩产的世界纪录。
In 2023, China developed super hybrid varieties of rice with a yield of more than 18 metric tons per hectare, setting a new world record for yield per unit area of hybrid rice in a single season.
藏粮于地与藏粮于技相得益彰，综合地力稳步提升。
Efforts to enhance both farmland management and the application of technology have led to steady improvements in overall soil productivity
耕地是粮食生产的命根子。
Arable land is the lifeblood of food production.
粮食安全是“国之大者”，耕地红线要严防死守，耕地红线不仅是数量上的，而且是质量上的。
Food security is a matter of paramount national importance, and the redline for the total area of farmland must be strictly defended. This redline refers not only to the quantity of farmland but also to its quality.
中共十八大以来，中国不断加强耕地科技创新攻关，确保综合地力实现稳步提升。
Since 2012, China has steadily ramped up S&T innovation and research for farmland management, ensuring steady improvements in overall soil fertility.
先后实施高标准农田建设工程、黑土地保护工程、耕地土壤污染治理和修复工程等，全方位、多举措提升耕地地力。
Adopting an overarching, multi-pronged approach, we have carried out projects on high-quality farmland development, chernozem soil protection, and farmland soil pollution control and restoration.
截至2022年，累计建成10亿亩高标准农田，保障了全国约八成的粮食产能，亩均粮食产能提高10%—20%，亩均节本增效约500元，有效带动了农业机械化、信息化、标准化、专业化，增强了农田“旱涝保收”能力。
By 2022, China had developed a total of 66.67 million hectares of high-quality farmland, covering around 80% of the country's grain production capacity. This has resulted in a 10-20% increase in grain yield per hectare and cost-efficiency gains of around 7,500 yuan per hectare.
It has also effectively promoted agricultural mechanization, digitalization, standardization, and specialization, while enhancing the resilience of farmland to both drought and flooding.
农业机械化、智能化大幅提升，农业综合作业效率大幅提高。
Agriculture has become much more mechanized and intelligent, greatly improving overall farming efficiency
中共十八大以来，中国农机装备水平和农业机械化水平大幅提升，大型大马力农机装备研制取得突破性进展。
Since 2012, China has made great strides in upgrading agricultural machinery and equipment and mechanizing agricultural operations, with breakthroughs in the R&D of large, high-powered farming machinery and equipment.
2023年全国农业机械总动力达到11亿千瓦，农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过74%。
By 2023, the total mechanical power of machinery used in farming had reached 1.1 billion kilowatts, with the overall mechanization rate for crop farming exceeding 74%.
300马力级无级变速拖拉机、580马力青饲料收获机、大方草捆打捆机的成功研制，解决了中国大型智能农机依赖进口的问题，打破了国外高端农机装备长期技术垄断。
The successful development of 300-horsepower tractors with continuously variable transmission, 580-horsepower forage harvesters, and large square balers has resolved China's previous dependence on imported large intelligent agricultural machinery and broken the long-standing foreign monopoly on advanced farming equipment.
农机装备通过搭载北斗卫星导航系统，实现了无人驾驶作业和田间精准化管理，综合作业效率大幅提高。
By incorporating Beidou satellite navigation technology, agricultural machinery can operate autonomously and carry out precise field management. This has greatly enhanced the overall efficiency of farming.
生物安全治理不断加强，为农业持续获得丰收提供了有力支撑。
Biosafety and biosecurity governance have been steadily enhanced, providing robust support for the consistent bumper harvests of recent years
中共十八大以来，中国在加强生物安全治理、防治外来物种侵害方面取得一系列重大成就。
Since 2012, China has achieved major advances in strengthening biosafety and biosecurity governance and in preventing and treating harm from invasive species.
成功研制了以高分辨昆虫雷达为核心技术的草地贪夜蛾迁飞监测网络，能够实时精准识别从东南亚国家入境种群并及时预警防治，把草地贪夜蛾发生区控制在长江流域以南，保障了中国黄淮海夏玉米和北方春玉米两大主产区生产安全，为保丰收提供了有力支撑。
A migration monitoring network centered on high-resolution insect radar technology has been successfully developed for dealing with the fall armyworm—a destructive pest that affects a wide range of crops, but primarily corn. This system can accurately identify incoming populations from Southeast Asian countries in real-time and provide early-warning for prevention and control.
As a result, the fall armyworm has been contained to areas south of the Yangtze River, thus effectively safeguarding China's two major corn-producing regions—the summer corn region of the Yellow River-Huaihe River-Haihe River Plain and the northern spring corn region. This system has been a source of strong support for China’s bumper harvests.
率先研发出高效H5/H7二价禽流感灭活疫苗，累计推广应用超过3000亿剂次，阻断了H7N9病毒在家禽中的流行，同时从源头上阻断了对人类的感染威胁，有效阻挡了肆虐全球的H5N1和H5N8禽流感病毒对家禽和人类的危害，相关疫苗出口埃及、越南、印尼和伊朗等“一带一路”共建国家，“人病兽防”体系引领全球。
China also led the way in developing an effective bivalent H5/H7 inactivated avian influenza vaccine. Over 300 billion doses of the vaccine have been distributed and administered. This vaccine halted the spread of the H7N9 virus among poultry and eliminated the threat of human infection at its source. It also effectively mitigated the harm of the H5N1 and H5N8 avian influenza viruses that were ravaging poultry stocks and threatening human health worldwide.
It has been exported to a number of Belt and Road partner countries, including Egypt, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Iran. Through such efforts, China has led the world in putting in place a system for preventing human disease through animal health monitoring and vaccination programs.
生态低碳农业发展加速，农产品安全保障能力不断提升。
The development of eco-friendly, low-carbon agriculture has been stepped up, and our capacity to ensure the safety of agricultural products has been steadily enhanced
推动绿色低碳发展是国际潮流所向、大势所趋，绿色经济已经成为全球产业竞争制高点，必须坚持绿色农业底色、生态农业底盘，发展生态低碳农业。
Green and low-carbon development is an international trend and reflects the general direction of progress. Indeed, the green economy has become a strategic high ground in global industrial competition. We must ensure that our agricultural sector is green and grounded in conservation by adopting eco-friendly and low-carbon agricultural practices.
近年来，随着中国农业生态低碳技术供给能力增强，化肥农药减量增效成效明显。
In recent years, China has made notable progress in improving yields while reducing fertilizer and pesticide use, thanks to a growing capacity to supply eco-friendly, low-carbon farming technologies.
比如，为寻找“既能少用药，又能防害虫”的绿色防控之路，中国科学家研制出应用豇豆“防虫网+”集成技术，让海南豇豆住进“纱帐”，集成物理阻隔、色板诱杀、生物防控以及高效低毒农药应用等技术，化学农药用量比露天种植豇豆降低30%以上，主要害虫减少70%，产量增加20%，在农药残留检测标准提高的情况下合格率接近100%，不仅提高了农民收入，还保障了消费者舌尖上的安全。
As part of the search for greener methods to both reduce pesticide use and effectively combat pests, Chinese scientists developed an integrated “anti-pest net” technology to essentially provide a protective screen for cowpea crops in Hainan Province.
The system integrates multiple elements, including physical barriers, colored sticky traps, biological control, and the application of efficient, low-toxicity pesticides. With this technology, chemical pesticide use was 30% lower compared to open-field cowpea cultivation. Major pest populations were reduced by 70%, and crop yields rose by 20%.
Moreover, despite the introduction of more stringent testing criteria, the crops cultivated under these methods maintained nearly 100% compliance with pesticide residue standards. The ultimate result of all this has been higher incomes for farmers and better food safety for consumers.
飞防作业采用先进的无人机技术和智能控制系统，通过扫描作物叶片，测算植株数量、密度、高度、生长情况等信息，并在分析比对后将药剂精准喷洒至植株叶片上，实现最小化用药，比传统施药方式的作业效率提升60倍以上。
In the area of aerial pest control operations, advanced drone technologies and intelligent control systems have been introduced. These systems scan crop leaves to collect data on plant quantity, density, height, and growth conditions.
Based on this analysis, they then precisely spray pesticides onto crop leaves. This approach, which minimizes chemical use, has proved 60 times more efficient than traditional pest control methods.
农业科技创新成果转化步伐加快，乡村产业发展空间更加广阔。
Innovations in agricultural technology are being applied at a faster pace, creating broader development opportunities for rural industries
产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重，也是实际工作的切入点。
Industrial revitalization has a central place on our rural revitalization agenda, and it is the starting point of our work in agriculture.
通过科技创新激活各类资源要素，致力于实现乡村产业全链条升级，推动基础设施与公共服务体系日趋完善。
We have harnessed S&T innovation to invigorate various resources and production factors in a bid to upgrade the entire rural industrial chain while also promoting continuous improvements in infrastructure and public service systems.
比如，利用西北地区充足的光热资源优势和广阔的戈壁沙漠，科学发展以设施农业为重点的蔬菜产业，研发推广可在沙漠中快捷安装、抗风抗压的轻简化装配式温室，采用太阳能主动截获与蓄能调温技术，白天蓄积热能夜晚释放，提高夜晚室温4.0℃—5.0℃，节能率达63.0%—73.5%，采用温室水汽冷凝回收再利用技术，每公斤番茄用水仅20升，比大田生产番茄用水量减少了一半多。
For example, to leverage the abundant solar and thermal resources of the vast Gobi Desert in the northwestern region, we have developed a vegetable industry based on protected agriculture. This has involved the development and roll-out of easy-to-assemble, lightweight greenhouses that are wind- and pressure-resistant and adapted to desert conditions.
Using solar capture and storage technology, these greenhouses store heat during the day and release it at night, raising internal nighttime temperatures by 4–5 °C while creating energy savings of 63–73.5%.
Thanks to condensate technology for water vapor recovery and recycling, only 20 liters of water is needed to produce a kilogram of tomatoes, representing a 50% reduction in water consumption compared to open-field tomato cultivation.
如今西北地区拱棚、日光温室、连栋温室比比皆是，促进了蔬菜等农产品全年均衡供应，设施蔬菜产业已成为戈壁沙漠里的“新绿洲”。
Today, arch-shaped greenhouses, solar greenhouses, and multi-span greenhouses are ubiquitous across the northwestern region, helping to support the year-round balanced supply of vegetables and other agricultural products. The greenhouse vegetable industry has become a “new oasis” in the Gobi Desert.
中文编辑：郝遥 尚烨
英文编辑：张娴
审校：衣小伟 李晓琼
监制：李达 李振通
